tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-66169760936662870302024-03-13T13:47:52.452-04:00Woblag: A bunch of Linux/Moodle/OpenSource stuff.Content moved to tucuche-consulting.com as of April 2019noveckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06968233459903213738noreply@blogger.comBlogger97125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6616976093666287030.post-14515334297295612252019-04-17T13:43:00.000-04:002019-04-17T13:43:08.771-04:00Site moved!Site has been moved over to tucuche-consulting.com.<br />Content is still free, but you may contact me for consulting services.noveckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06968233459903213738noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6616976093666287030.post-83151822086870301152018-10-31T20:28:00.000-04:002018-10-31T20:28:23.048-04:00Mac Terminal timeout with SSH - Solved!If you're like me and have a bajillion things open on your machine, it's a real PITA to have a SSH session timing out after a couple minutes of inactivity. Maybe in certain scenarios this is beneficial, but when I'm on my personal laptop at home, it's not a security risk.<br /><br />At any rate, it's a really simple fix and it requires the creation/editing of a local user ssh config file.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">vi~/.ssh/config</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><br /></span>
Add lines:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<br /><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Host *</span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> ServerAliveInterval 60</span></blockquote>
<br />
Save and Exit.<br />
<br />Just tweak some permissions and you'll be good to go.<br />
<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">chmod 600 ~/.ssh/config</span></blockquote>
That's pretty much it.<br />
<br />Details: http://www.kehlet.cx/articles/129.html<br />
<br />
noveckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06968233459903213738noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6616976093666287030.post-42552315094293085142018-02-26T09:23:00.001-04:002018-02-26T09:23:31.028-04:00Troubleshooting Cron (Cron not working)I had a very curious case on a developmental server where after a couple weeks, I realized the cronjobs were not running. The crontab was fine, the scripts and permissions were fine and could be manually executed. Seems like the issue was cron itself.<br />
<br />
It took a bit of digging, and there was this obscure line highlighted in the man page. Much thanks to here for pointing me in the right direction.<br />
https://askubuntu.com/questions/23009/why-crontab-scripts-are-not-working<br />
<br />
Two things were wrong here.<br />
<br />
1. The crond was stalled. Quietly. Check this first and start it if it's stopped. Even if it's running, consider restarting the service.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">service crond status<br />service crond restart</span></blockquote>
<br />
2. Crontab needs an empty/newline at the end of the file in order to load.<br />
My version of crontab does not match the one in the article (I'm on CentOS 6); but the newline was missing at the end. Oddly enough all the other servers that were fine had this blank/newline. Guess it's pretty important, if not documented/deprecated.<br />
<br />
At any rate, cron performs important user functions, so consider checking it from time to time.<br />
<br />
--EOFnoveckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06968233459903213738noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6616976093666287030.post-65875680062174435282017-02-21T11:56:00.000-04:002017-02-21T11:56:02.989-04:00Reset/Update NTP Server<br />There was an older machine on the network, with an outdated local NTP configuration, and the time was off by a couple minutes. This post shows how to perform a quick update and force sync. Use at your own risk for time sensitive applications.<br />
<br /><i><b><br />1. Update the NTP client configuration.</b></i><br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">service ntpd stop</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">vi /<span style="font-family: inherit;">etc/ntp.conf</span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Find Line<br /><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">server 192.168.x.x</span></span></span></span><br />Change to new server<br />Save and quit.</blockquote>
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">service ntpd start</span></blockquote>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><i><b><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">2. Force synchronization</span></b></i></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> date ; service ntpd stop ; ntpdate 192.168.1.1 ; service ntpd start ; date<br /><br /><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">In one fell swoop it will give you the current time, stop the service, force an update, start the service and give you the updated time.<br /><br /><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">Tue Feb 21 11:40:44 AST 2017<br />Shutting down ntpd: [ <span style="color: #38761d;">OK </span> ]<br />21 Feb 11:44:28 ntpdate[10457]: step time server 192.168.x.x offset 223.794778 sec<br />Starting ntpd: <span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span> [ <span style="color: #38761d;">OK </span> ]<br />Tue Feb 21 11:44:28 AST 2017</span><br /></span></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /></span>
That's it. All updated.<br />
<br />
<br />noveckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06968233459903213738noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6616976093666287030.post-80139143189255902082016-09-30T07:56:00.001-04:002016-09-30T07:56:51.959-04:00Installing Docker on CentOS 7 (behind corporate proxy)As part of my research into Percona's new Open Source offering, their Percona Monitoring and Management platform, I realized that a core component is provided via a Docker container. Now I've previously played around with docker on a small scale, but this needed to be done on an actual server environment on the corporate network. There was one little item that caused a brief moment of grief with the proxy, but I eventually sorted it out.<br />
<br />
Docker Engine installation on CentOS7<br />
<br />
<b>0. Login as root</b><br />
<b>1. Update machine</b><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">yum update</span></blockquote>
<b>2. Add the Docker yum repo</b><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><br /></span>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">tee /etc/yum.repos.d/docker.repo <<-'EOF'</span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">[dockerrepo]</span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">name=Docker Repository</span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">baseurl=https://yum.dockerproject.org/repo/main/centos/7/</span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">enabled=1</span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">gpgcheck=1</span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">gpgkey=https://yum.dockerproject.org/gpg</span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">EOF</span></blockquote>
<br />
<b>3. Install the Docker Engine Package</b><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">yum install docker-engine</span></blockquote>
<br />
<b>4. Start the Daemon</b><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">systemctl start docker</span></blockquote>
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><br />
<b>5. Set to run at boot</b><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">systemctl enable docker</span></blockquote>
<br />
<b>6. Verify Operation with simple test</b><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">docker run hello-world</span></blockquote>
<br />
<span style="color: red;">**Note: if you're behind a proxy, you may notice an error<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><b>... dial tcp xx.xx.xx.xx:53: getsockopt: connection refused</b></span></span><br />
<br />
You may need to do the following<br />
<br />
<b>a. create a systemd drop-in directory for the docker service</b><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">mkdir /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d</span></blockquote>
<br />
<b>b. create a proxy configuration file</b><br />
...in the directory just created, in my case I needed both an HTTP and an HTTPS proxy to get it to work<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">vi /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/http-proxy.conf</span></blockquote>
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Add the following (one line)<br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">[Service]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Environment="HTTP_PROXY=http://your.proxy.ip.addr:port/" "HTTPS_PROXY=http://your.proxy.ip.addr:port/"</span><br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Save and exit<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><br />
<b>c. flush changes</b><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">systemctl daemon-reload</span></blockquote>
<br />
<b>d. Verify that the configuration has been loaded:</b><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">systemctl show --property=Environment docker</span><br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><br />
<b>e. Restart Docker:</b><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">systemctl restart docker</span></blockquote>
<b>Verify Operation with simple test (works, yay!)</b><br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">docker run hello-world</span><br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally</span><br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">latest: Pulling from library/hello-world</span><br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">c04b14da8d14: Pull complete</span><br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Digest: sha256:0256e8a36e2070f7bf2d0b0763dbabdd67798512411de4cdcf9431a1feb60fd9</span><br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest</span><br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Hello from Docker!</span><br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.</span><br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:</span><br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.</span><br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.</span><br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the</span><br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> executable that produces the output you are currently reading.</span><br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it</span><br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> to your terminal.</span><br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:</span><br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> $ docker run -it ubuntu bash</span><br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker Hub account:</span><br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> https://hub.docker.com</span><br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">For more examples and ideas, visit:</span><br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/</span><br />
<div>
<br /></div>
noveckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06968233459903213738noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6616976093666287030.post-12343094223455420362016-08-17T20:36:00.003-04:002016-08-17T20:36:59.451-04:00BootCamp: OSX (El Capitan) and Windows 10The only reason I'm posting this is because I was stuck for a few hours and the internet had tons of conflicting fixes for this that led me nowhere. Still stuck with GPT errors and a whole lot of general bollocks. For some reason this refused to work on the USB port on the left of my macbook and for reasons known only to Job's & Gates' lovechild, worked on the one located on the right. Sorcery.<br />
<br />
This is what worked for me, I can't guarantee that it will work for you and I'm by no means a Mac expert - so use at your own risk. Caveat emptor. No screenshots because of reasons.<br />
<br />What you need:<br />
<br />
1. MacBook or other Mac Computer that is listed here: https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204990<br />
2. Windows 10 64-bit ISO.<br />
3. A fresh USB stick, 8G or more would be fine.<br />
4. At least 100GB free on your Mac for a 64GB Windows install.<br />
<br />
<br />
What's next?<br />
0. Update your mac if needed.<br />
1. Run bootcamp and select the two options<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
- Create a Windows 7 or later setup disk</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
- Download the latest windows support software from Apple</blockquote>
1.1. Click Continue, grab a beer. or three. This takes a while.<br />
<br />
2. Exit bootcamp. Because of reasons.<br /><br />3. Fire up bootcamp and this time select the option to install (only).<br />
<br />
4. Drag a partition size that suits you, I went with 64GB - then click Continue<br />
<br />
5. Magic happens then the computer would probably reboot right into OSX. Manually reboot and this time hit the Option Key, Feel free to bang away at it. (Disclaimer: Do not bang away at it.)<br />
<br />
6. When presented with boot options, please ignore the Windows option. Select UEFI boot.<br />
<br />
7. Oh looky, run through the windows install until you get to the Disk screen. At this point choose your desired windows partition created in step 4 and then click format. The next button magically appears and you should now be able to proceed with installation.<br />
<br />8. Magic happens again, then a couple reboots later and Win 10 is done. Grab another beer. or three.<br />
<br />
9. The next time you bring up the dual boot screen, Only OSX and Windows would be presented and the UEFI option is gone.<br /><br />10. Happy dualbooting. Hell you'd be happy too after six beers.<br />
<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
</blockquote>
<br />
<br /><br />
<br />noveckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06968233459903213738noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6616976093666287030.post-60081652398543373282016-07-12T09:35:00.000-04:002016-07-12T09:35:05.497-04:00Using Grep to search for a string inside a fileSimple story here really.<br />
<br />I had a borked config somewhere inside my /etc/ folder that was throwing some application errors. It's a development machine with poor documentation so I had to try to figure out where the typo happened.<br /><br />Grep is a simple, but incredibly powerful command that took care of this quite easily. The flags I used provided the filenames that contain the matching string as well as the line number where the string is matched. Helpful for fixing or tweaking some borked config or code.<br />
<br />
Usage is quite simple:<br /><br /><br /><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">grep -inr "badconfigurationstring" /searchdirectory</span><br />
<br />
the flags are as follows;<br />-i = ignore case sensitivity<br />
-n = print line number of matching string<br />
-r = recursively read all files under search directory<br />
<br />more info at the grep man page: http://linux.die.net/man/1/grep<br />
<br />
--end.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />noveckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06968233459903213738noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6616976093666287030.post-58157092818076524202016-02-15T10:50:00.003-04:002016-02-24T14:58:05.595-04:00TurnitinTwo Issues with Moodle 3 on CentOS 6I recently stumbled upon a Turnitin bug on my Moodle 3 environment where it was simply failing to connect with Turnitin through the configuration interface.<br />
<br />
<br />
The message was fairly cryptic and the logs even more so.<br />
<div>
<br />
The error message was simply: "Could not connect to Turnitin, Double check your API URL setting". This was fine, so I looked at the API log, which indicated a "Curl error: Proxy CONNECT aborted", alongside an error 502.</div>
<div>
<br />
<br />
When Turnitin was contacted, they gave this response, which did not work.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #274e13;"><i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">If
you encounter connectivity issues while using the Turnitin Moodle Direct V2
integration (error: Turnitin API Base URL incorrect or unavailable, or error:
Double check your API URL setting) this could be related to a CA certificate
being unavailable to cURL. Viewing the Turnitin Apilog files will identify if
this is the case.<br />
<br />
The Moodle Direct plugin uses the server operating system's implementation of
cURL. If cURL has an out of date (or no) CA certificates, the interaction with
Turnitin will fail due to cURL performing peer SSL certificate verification and
not being able to verify the Turnitin SSL certificate. Until cURL 7.18.0 some
CA certificates were provided, but after 7.18.0 no CA certificates have been
provided at all. Because of this, the Moodle server administrator would need to
ensure that an up to date CA certificate bundle is used.<br />
<br />
For Debian and RedHat based distributions:<br />
CA certificates are distributed in the ca-certificates package. Gentoo servers
provide them via the app-misc/ca-certificates ebuild. It's also a good idea to
make sure that the OpenSSL libraries (libssl) and cURL libraries (libcurl) are
up to date on your server.<br />
<br />
You will also need to place a file with the Bundle of CA Root Certificates
(downloadable from </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">) on your webserver and
make a curl.cainfo reference to this file in your php.ini.<br />
<br />
For Windows based servers:<br />
<br />
1. You need to be running PHP 5.3.7 or later.<br />
2. Download </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="https://raw.github.com/bagder/curl/master/lib/mk-ca-bundle.vbs"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">https://raw.github.com/bagder/curl/master/lib/mk-ca-bundle.vbs</span></a></span></i></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #274e13;"><i> from the Curl repository
on GitHub.<br />
3. Open a Command Prompt as Administrator and go to the directory in which you
downloaded mk-ca-bundle.vbs .<br />
4. Run mk-ca-bundle.vbs . Accept the default file name and do not include the
text information for each certificate.<br />
5. After running this you will end up with a file ca-bundle.crt.<br />
6. Copy that to a known location, e.g. {path}/ca-bundle.crt.<br />
7. Add curl.cainfo={path}/ca-bundle.crt to php.ini. See PHP Runtime
Configuration for more details<br />
[PHP]<br />
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;<br />
; CURL Settings ;<br />
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;<br />
curl.cainfo={path}/ca-bundle.crt<br />
8. Restart the IIS web site</i></span></span></blockquote>
We were eventually able to resolve the issue by a combination of factors:<br />
<br />
1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In addition to having an http_proxy environment variable in the operating system, I also needed to explicitly set an https_proxy. This is dependent on if your server currently uses an http_proxy environment variable. <b><u><span style="color: red;">Do not make any changes if your server can access the web directly.</span></u></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><br /></span>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">vi /etc/bashrc</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">add lines</span><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">export http_proxy=’http://yourproxyip:port/’ </span><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">export https_proxy=’http://yourproxyip:port/’ </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">save and exit shell</span></blockquote>
<div>
<br /></div>
2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The CA-Certificates bundle from curl.hexx.se did not work and resulted in a bunch of errors related to the SSL CA Cert (<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Message:
Problem with the SSL CA cert (path? access rights?)</span>)</span> , so I re-installed the ca-certificates bundle from CentOS repositories.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">yum reinstall ca-certificates openssl</span></blockquote>
3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I then used the “update-ca-trust” package to update the certificate store.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">update-ca-trust</span></blockquote>
4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I removed the Moodle Proxy configuration from the Moodle application interface.<br />
<div>
<div>
Dashboard / ► Site administration / ► Server / ► HTTP (Server Proxy section)</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Please note that these steps fixed the issue with my particular environment, if you are faced with similar issues I'd suggest starting with steps 2 and 3. If you are having proxy connect issues beforehand, you may try step 1 first.<br />
<br />
Good luck and happy moodling!</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
-Noveck</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
noveckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06968233459903213738noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6616976093666287030.post-54792512381247065772015-04-30T15:12:00.001-04:002015-04-30T15:12:10.327-04:00Merging multiple files using the cat command<br />
Nothing major today, this is a straightforward case that I was surprised would work with the Linux cat command.<br />
<br />
I had a folder with several mp3's that were part of one long mixtape but were split into dozens of files, when they should have really been one big file.<br />
<br />
I could have used a tool to fix this, but it can be accomplished natively using a Linux or Mac terminal.<br />
<br />
First navigate to the folder where the files are located. If they are in numerical order, that's short and easy.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> cat *.mp3 > ../mylongsong.mp3</span><br />
<br />
This combines all the files into one and dumps in one directory above to avoid an endless loop, depending on the shell you're using.<br />
<br />
<br />
If the files have arbitrary names, but you can figure out the order, you can use a slightly longer command:<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">cat 1.mp3 2.mp3 a.mp3 myfav.mp3 wow.mp3 > ../mylongsong2.mp3</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><br /></span>
The caveat is that all the files need to be encoded the same way and be of the same filetype. It will not merge mp3 with wma, it will not merge a 320kbps mp3 with a 128kbps version.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />noveckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06968233459903213738noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6616976093666287030.post-18517331102468139592015-02-19T10:19:00.006-04:002015-02-19T10:19:57.131-04:00Installing MySQL 5.6 on CentOS 6MySQL on CentOS6 is currently limited to version 5.1, which sucks. A lot of modern web applications can benefit of running the most recent version of MySQL (up to 5.6 at the writing of this post), and as a result we will be installing MySQL 5.6 on CentOS 6.x, patched to the latest sub-version.<br />
<br />
There are several ways of accomplishing this, but I think it's a good idea to take the software directly from the source.<br /><br />It's also a pretty good idea to have a backup mechanism, and sadly the free version does not play well with hot backups, which are performed while the database is running in full read/write made. <br /><br />Percona has a wonderful set of tools, and offer a free hot backup solution for MySQL that works awesomely. I'll provide the instructions to install the tool, you can feel free to peruse their docs to implement your own backup strategy :)<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><br />More on Percona Xtrabackup here: <a href="http://www.percona.com/doc/percona-xtrabackup/2.2/">http://www.percona.com/doc/percona-xtrabackup/2.2/</a></i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>More on MySQL Community Server here: <a href="http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/">http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/</a></i></span><br />
<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>0. Got root/sudo<br /></b><br />
<b>1. Get and Install the RPM from MySQL/Oracle</b><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">cd /tmp</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm<br />rpm -Uvh mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm</span></blockquote>
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>2. Install MySQL and start / enable service</b></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">yum install mysql-community-server </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">service mysqld start && chkconfig mysqld on</span></blockquote>
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: inherit;">3. Secure MySQL server</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation<br /></span></div>
</blockquote>
<b>4. Install Percona with repos</b><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">rpm -Uvh http://www.percona.com/downloads/XtraBackup/XtraBackup-2.2.9/binary/redhat/6/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-2.2.9-5067.el6.x86_64.rpm</span></blockquote>
Verify successful install and check version<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">xtrabackup --version</span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-S8B9A8JFXw0/VOXvly0WidI/AAAAAAAACic/vaMzMWJPTg0/s1600/xtrabackup-scrnsht.png" imageanchor="1"><img alt="xtrabackup-screenshot" border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-S8B9A8JFXw0/VOXvly0WidI/AAAAAAAACic/vaMzMWJPTg0/s1600/xtrabackup-scrnsht.png" title="xtrabackup-screenshot" /></a></div>
</blockquote>
<br />
--EOF noveckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06968233459903213738noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6616976093666287030.post-15759013915004897192015-01-08T10:50:00.001-04:002015-01-08T10:55:11.890-04:00Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) - some basic tricks on CentOS 6I've been playing around with PAM on a couple distros recently, and I thought I'd share some quick tips and tricks in setting up a secure CentOS 6 Linux multi-user environment. Whilst these are not bulletproof password policies, they are a step beyond the default distribution configuration and are not too complex that the users would be bugging you, the friendly neighbourhood sysadmin.<br /><br />As usual, any feedback is appreciated, so drop me a line: noveck@woblag.com. Once it gets past the spam filters, I'll try my best to respond asap.<br /><br /><h4>
1. Use PAM to disable the use of null passwords in user Accounts.</h4>
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">vi /etc/pam.d/system-auth</span><br /><br /><div>
Find line <div>
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">password sufficient pam_unix.so md5 shadow nullok try_first_pass use_authtok </span><br /><br />Remove/delete nullok option, so the line now reads: <br /><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">password sufficient pam_unix.so md5 shadow try_first_pass use_authtok </span><br /><br />save and close file <br /><br /><br /><h4>
2. Use PAM to prevent re-using/recycling passwords . </h4>
This example prevents the use of the last 3 passwords.<br /><br /><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">vi /etc/pam.d/system-auth</span><br />find line <br /><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">password sufficient pam_unix.so md5 shadow nullok try_first_pass use_authtok </span><br /><br />Add to end of line <br /><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">password sufficient pam_unix.so md5 shadow nullok try_first_pass use_authtok remember=3 </span><br /><br />save and close file <br /><br /><h4>
3. Set password minimum length </h4>
This example sets the minimum password length to 8 characters. <br /><br /><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">vi /etc/pam.d/system-auth</span><br /><br />find line <br /><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">password sufficient pam_unix.so md5 shadow nullok try_first_pass use_authtok </span><br /><br />Add new line BEFORE <br /><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">passwd password requisite pam_cracklib.so minlen=8 </span><br />save and close file <br /><br /><h4>
4. Configure server to deny access with multiple incorrect login attempts </h4>
This example temporarily denies access after 5 attempts. The temporary lockout time can also be configured for a certain time, which will be set to 1 hour (3600 seconds) in this example. <br /><br /><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">vi /etc/pam.d/system-auth</span><br /><br />Add the following line to end of file <br /><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">auth required pam_tally.so onerr=fail deny=5 unlock_time=3600 </span><br /><br />save and close file <br /><br />--END<div>
<span id="docs-internal-guid-1673229a-c9fa-c099-9670-d8a9a720faf0"><div>
<span id="docs-internal-guid-42720b85-c9ff-da08-ea58-22debc09754f" style="font-weight: normal;"><div>
<span id="docs-internal-guid-42720b85-ca03-9136-120e-bbf105125946">
</span></div>
</span></div>
</span></div>
</div>
</div>
noveckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06968233459903213738noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6616976093666287030.post-60677472224437783852014-10-06T20:51:00.003-04:002014-10-06T20:55:56.775-04:00Fedora 20 as a (viable!) Windows Desktop ReplacementSo I've been bound to windows desktops for so long, that it's been my second nature for workstations. My de facto preference for most server environments are Linux, so I've been between both worlds for quite some time.<br />
<br />
My Windows7 machine suffered an OS failure a couple months ago, after almost 4 years of constant everyday use. I installed Windows 8 and was relatively happy with it until it just decided to screw over my WIFI. Nobody messes with my WIFI.<br />
<br />
I finally decided to chuck the 15 year Redmond tether and go for broke. I'm gonna run Fedora 20 as a desktop environment, and I'm never looking back. Or so I hope.<br />
<br />
Anyhow, FC20 is nice, but to make the environment a bit more aesthetic and a bit more intuitive for use by longtime Windows users I've compiled a "Sanity list". These make everyday use a bit less complicated and quite easy to forget that you're running Linux, traditionally seen as a big, bad, complex beast.<br />
<br />
I'll explain why in line, followed by the instructions to accomplish on Fedora 20. This assumes a base Fedora 20 installation has been completed, with a default Gnome desktop.<br />
<br />
If you ever decide to take the plunge, this can probably help you break the windows habit ;)<br /><br /><a href="http://fedoraproject.org/en_GB/features/" target="_blank">Why Fedora?</a><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-size: large;">Tweak List as of 06-OCTOBER-2014</span><br />
<br />
<b>- install cinnamon, a pretty good looking desktop environment.</b><br />
<i>This can be selected from the settings icon on the default login screen and it will be the future default afterwards.</i><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">sudo yum groupinstall cinnamon</span></blockquote>
<br />
<b>- install infinality, some font eyecandy.</b><br />
<i>There are a number of styles, I prefer the OSX style on my 4 year old Dell Latitude display</i><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">sudo rpm -Uvh http://www.infinality.net/fedora/linux/infinality-repo-1.0-1.noarch.rpm<br />sudo yum -y install freetype-infinality fontconfig-infinality<br />cd /etc/fonts/infinality/<br />./infctl.sh setstyle osx </span></blockquote>
(personal pref - more options are in README documentation)<br />
<br />
<b>- install MSTTCoreFonts</b><i><br />You have to admit that MS ships with some solid fonts. If you want to avoid formatting issues with opening MS Office docs with LibreOffice, this is a pretty good idea.</i><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">sudo yum install cabextract<br />sudo yum install http://sourceforge.net/projects/mscorefonts2/files/rpms/msttcore-fonts-installer-2.6-1.noarch.rpm</span></blockquote>
<b>- install vlc</b><br />
<i>This is another personal preference; VLC is a solid media player and works great on Windows as well as Linux</i><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">su -c 'yum localinstall --nogpgcheck http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm'<br />sudo yum install vlc</span></blockquote>
<br />
<b>- install flash player</b><br />
<i>As much as I didn't want to, there are still several sites that I use that are flash based. A necessary evil.</i><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">rpm -ivh http://linuxdownload.adobe.com/adobe-release/adobe-release-i386-1.0-1.noarch.rpm</span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-adobe-linux</span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">yum check-update</span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">yum install flash-plugin nspluginwrapper alsa-plugins-pulseaudio libcurl</span></blockquote>
<br />
<b>- install google chrome</b><br />
<i>Chrome is a great addition to Fedora, compliments the use of Firefox, which I personally find to be a bit bloated now.</i><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">cat << EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/google-chrome.repo<br />[google-chrome]<br />name=google-chrome - \$basearch<br />baseurl=http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/rpm/stable/\$basearch<br />enabled=1<br />gpgcheck=1<br />gpgkey=https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub<br />EOF<br />yum install google-chrome-stable</span></blockquote>
<br />
<b>- install skype</b><br />
<i>Skype, almost a universal tool for free webcalling. I installed it because I use it a lot for international calling to the US for free.</i><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">wget http://download.skype.com/linux/skype-4.2.0.11-fedora.i586.rpm</span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">sudo yum install skype-4.2.0.11-fedora.i586.rpm</span></blockquote>
<br />
<b>- install dropbox</b><br />
<i>I've been using dropbox on all my boxes, it's a great way to keep some personal docs on the cloud and have multiple versions for backup.</i><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">cat << EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/dropbox.repo<br />[Dropbox]<br />name=Dropbox Respository<br />baseurl=http://linux.dropbox.com/fedora/19/<br />gpgkey=http://linux.dropbox.com/fedora/rpm-public-key.asc<br />EOF<br />sudo yum install nautilus-dropbox</span></blockquote>
<br />
<b>- install google talk</b><br />
<i>I consider this an optional item. You may or may not actually need this.</i><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">wget http://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-talkplugin_current_i386.rpm<br />yum install google-talkplugin_current_i386.rpm --nogpgcheck</span></blockquote>
<b>- install teamviewer</b><br />
<i>TeamViewer is an excellent desktop sharing/control tool that comes in handy to access my laptop remotely if needed.</i><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">wget http://download.teamviewer.com/download/teamviewer_linux.rpm</span></blockquote>
<b><i><u>Additional tweaks:</u></i></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>- tweak boot timeout behaviour</b><br />
<i>Shorten the time to countdown the OS selection</i><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">vi /etc/default/grub<br />GRUB_TIMEOUT=0<br />GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true<br />grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/fedora/grub.cfg</span></blockquote>
<br />
<b>- logind tweaks<i><br /></i></b><i>These control some suspend/hibernate options when the lid is closed. You can decide if you need these.</i><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">vi /etc/systemd/logind.conf<br />HandleSuspendKey=ignore<br />HandleHibernateKey=ignore<br />HandleLidSwitch=ignore<br />HandlePowerKey=poweroff</span></blockquote>
<b><br /></b>
<b>- eyecandy that can be installed through the extensions menu</b><br />
(Settings -> Extensions)<br />
Opacify<br />
<br />
<br />
That's it for now. I'll add to this post and drop a datestamp with any new additions!<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://fedoraproject.org/w/uploads/2/2d/Logo_fedoralogo.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://fedoraproject.org/w/uploads/2/2d/Logo_fedoralogo.png" height="97" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image courtesy http://www.fedoraproject.org</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />noveckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06968233459903213738noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6616976093666287030.post-13116809713288472272014-08-25T14:48:00.003-04:002014-08-25T14:50:40.237-04:00Fedora 20 - Missing WIFI driver/support on clean installI've started a little experiment on porting a crashed windows 7 Laptop (Dell Inspiron 1525) over to Linux. Why Linux at this point? The crash was largely due to the infamous <a href="http://www.pcworld.com/article/2465631/microsoft-pulls-august-windows-update-after-crashes.html" target="_blank">Windows Update Issue</a>. For me that was the straw that broke the camel's back.<br />
<br />
The experiment part of this update comes from the fact that the user has never really used Linux before, so this is really a true test of the user-friendliness of the OS, once initially set up. My weapon of choice was Fedora 20, largely because I'm entrenched in the RHEL distribution tree for almost everything that I do, so it's naturally easier for me to troubleshoot quickly.<br />
<br />
The installation and initial configuration went pretty smoothly, except for the fact that out of the box, WIFI appeared nonexistent. This was not a big problem, as it worked on a Kali Linux Live USB, so I knew that the hardware was fine. From the old install I knew that the device was Broadcom based, so I had a launch point.<br />
<br />
Credit to http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/b43 for thoroughly documenting the resolution of this issue.<br />
<br />
First check the device for support:<br />
<b>0. As root:</b><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">lspci -vnn -d 14e4:</span><br />
<i><br /></i>
It spat out some device information, including the model, in my case the Broadcom Corporation BCM4312, which was supported by the b43 driver. I compared the output to the corresponding CHIP ID segment on the table<br />
Taken from: http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/b43<br />
<br />
<table class="devtable" style="background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse; color: black; font-family: Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px 0.5em; text-align: center; width: 500px;"><tbody>
<tr style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-style: none none solid; padding: 0.25em 0.5em;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.1em;"><div class="line891" style="padding: 0px;">
<strong><span style="font-size: x-small;">PCI-ID</span></strong></div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.1em;"><div class="line891" style="padding: 0px;">
<strong><span style="font-size: x-small;">Supported?</span></strong></div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.1em;"><div class="line891" style="padding: 0px;">
<strong><span style="font-size: x-small;">Chip ID</span></strong></div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.1em;"><div class="line891" style="padding: 0px;">
<strong><span style="font-size: x-small;">Modes</span></strong></div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.1em;"><div class="line891" style="padding: 0px;">
<strong><span style="font-size: x-small;">PHY version</span></strong></div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.1em;"><div class="line891" style="padding: 0px;">
<strong><span style="font-size: x-small;">Alternative</span></strong></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="border: none; padding: 0.25em 0.5em;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.1em;"><span class="anchor" id="line-43" style="font-size: x-small;"></span></td><td style="background-color: yellow; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.1em;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.1em;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.1em;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.1em;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.1em;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td></tr>
<tr style="border: none; padding: 0.25em 0.5em;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.1em;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="anchor" id="line-51"></span><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="line862" style="padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">14e4:4315</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #90ff90; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.1em;"><div class="line862" style="padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">yes</span></div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.1em;"><div class="line862" style="padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">BCM4312</span></div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.1em;"><div class="line862" style="padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">b/g</span></div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.1em;"><div class="line862" style="padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">LP (r1)</span></div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.1em;"><div class="line862" style="padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">wl</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div>
The Fedora specific instructions are as follows:<br />
<b>1. Install the firmware extractor tool</b></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">su -</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">yum install b43-fwcutter wget</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>2. Install the driver</b></span></div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Define the Firmware path (Fedora specific)</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">export FIRMWARE_INSTALL_DIR="/lib/firmware"</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Download and extract the Broadcom driver</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">wget http://mirror2.openwrt.org/sources/broadcom-wl-5.10.56.27.3_mipsel.tar.bz2</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">tar xjf broadcom-wl-5.10.56.27.3_mipsel.tar.bz2</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Install the driver</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">sudo b43-fwcutter -w "$FIRMWARE_INSTALL_DIR" broadcom-wl-5.10.56.27.3/driver/wl_apsta/wl_prebuilt.o</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>3. Reboot</b></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div>
These steps were sufficient for me, as soon as I rebooted the WIFI was available to connect. If these steps do not solve your issue, you may need to blacklist older drivers. Take a read here: http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/b43</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Maybe I'll break the chains of Microsoft bondage on my own laptop - which oddly enough, works swimmingly on a fresh Windows 8.1 installation. We'll see.</div>
<div>
-noveck</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
noveckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06968233459903213738noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6616976093666287030.post-19320213401473393012014-07-23T10:23:00.000-04:002014-07-23T10:32:46.850-04:00Introduction to Linux Systems Administration (a Workshop)I recently delivered a free 5 (half) day workshop on an Introduction to Linux Systems Administration. The information was culled from a range of web sources, classes and personal notes, so all credit to the respective sources. All practicals were tested on a vanilla CentOS 6.5 Virtual Machine on VMWare Player, which is free for personal use.<br />
<br />
At the end of the workshop, I asked the participants to describe what they thought of Linux using one or two words, and this was the result:<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ztSzvg0JYYw/U8--9JzL7QI/AAAAAAAACUM/9OaalyQXnpk/s1600/LinuxWorkshop-JULY2014.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ztSzvg0JYYw/U8--9JzL7QI/AAAAAAAACUM/9OaalyQXnpk/s1600/LinuxWorkshop-JULY2014.jpg" height="364" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
I'd like to share the PDF version of the presentation and if you have any feedback, drop me a line. It's very much a work in progress and I welcome your contributions!<br />
<br />
-Noveck<br />
<br />
<iframe src="https://docs.google.com/file/d/0Bzqxsz_4YXUPQ2RDOHFOUUtjTFk/edit?usp=sharing" width="640" height="480"></iframe>noveckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06968233459903213738noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6616976093666287030.post-7356089789857465192014-06-02T09:24:00.001-04:002014-06-02T09:24:38.936-04:00Migrating a Virtual Machine from VMWare Player to ESXiThis post covers the migration of a virtual machine from a VMWare Player environment, which is located on my workstation (Windows 7 64-bit), to a VMWare ESXi server in my datacenter.<br />
<br />
Both are the free versions, so they don't have all the fancy bells and whistles as the awesome licensed versions.<br />
<br />
It took a bit of doing, but it's relatively straightforward.<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>1. Upgrade VMWare player (if necessary)</b><br />
I realized that I was using version 3.0, and was a 'few' versions behind. Newer versions contain the OVFTool, which we will use to create the ESXi ready OVF.<br />
Visit here: http://www.vmware.com/products/player<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>2. Upgrade and Reboot your pitiful workstation.</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>3. Read the <a href="http://www.vmware.com/support/developer/ovf/ovf301/ovftool-301-userguide.pdf" target="_blank">VMWare OVFTool guide</a>. Or not.</b><br />
<br />
<b>4. Login to the Virtual Machine in VMWare Player and uninstall the VMWare Tools. Reboot VM.</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>5. When VM boots, ignore any driver errors. Do a clean shutdown.</b><br />
<br />
<b>6. Export the OVF from the VM</b><br />
Open Command Prompt as Administrator<i><br />cd C:\Program Files\VMWare\VMWare OVF Tool</i><br />
<br />
Make sure the tool works, run the help<br />
<i>ovftool -h</i><br />
<br />
You should be presented with a range of flag options.<br />
<br />
Export the OVF<br />
<i>ovftool "C:\Path to VMname.vmx" "C:\Path to place OVF"</i><br />
If the output does not look like this, it might be a good idea to <a href="http://www.vmware.com/support/developer/ovf/ovf301/ovftool-301-userguide.pdf" target="_blank">check the documentation</a>.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7KiU6pi0-l8/Unzx7jzIRGI/AAAAAAAAB-k/KSg-vgUOgMw/s1600/OVF1.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7KiU6pi0-l8/Unzx7jzIRGI/AAAAAAAAB-k/KSg-vgUOgMw/s1600/OVF1.png" /></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<b>7. Import the OVF Into VMWare ESXi</b><br />
Login to your ESXi Host<br />
Click File -> Deploy OVF Template<br />
Browse to <i> "C:\Path to place OVF"</i> as specified in step 6.<br />
Use defaults, or configure accordingly.<br />
When completed boot VM in ESXi, enable the network adapter and update the IP/Hostname or any other relevant configuration.<br />
<br />
That's it!noveckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06968233459903213738noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6616976093666287030.post-10926904502153183552014-04-02T14:17:00.000-04:002014-04-02T14:17:02.279-04:00Issues with Percona Xtrabackup on CentOS 5/MySQL 5.0I'v<span style="font-family: inherit;">e got a couple servers that really can't move from CentOS5 / MySQL 5.0 just yet, and while attempting to restore a MySQL InnoDB database backup using percona's innobackupex/xtrabackup, I got the following err</span>or (hashtags added, 'cause I can't remember the exact preamble.):<br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">Can't exec "xtrabackup_51": No such file or directory at /usr/local/</span></span><wbr></wbr><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">bin/innobackupe</span><wbr></wbr><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">x-############</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">#### fatal error: no 'mysqld' group in MySQL options</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Absolutely freaking beautiful.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> Turns out that it's caused due to the automatic yum update to version 2.1.x of the xtrabackup application, which uses the MySQL 5.1+ plugins and fortunately, it's a very quick fix, even though I nearly pulled out what little hair I have to figure it out. Thankfully percona includes the last version with their repo, so it's just to specify the version and it's gonna work again.<br /><br /><u><b><br /></b></u><b>0. Got root/sudo</b></span></span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">1. Remove existing xtrabackup package. </span></span></b><i><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span></span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">yum remove xtrabackup</span></span></i><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"></span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></span></b>
<b><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">2. Check that the older version of the package is available from the repo</span></span></b><i><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span></span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">yum list | grep percona</span></span></i><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></span></b>
<b><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">3. Specify/Install version 2.0 explicitly </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><u><span style="color: red;">(choose based on your OS version!)</span></u></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>yum install percona-xtrabackup-20.x86_64</i></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i> </i></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">It's as simple as that! No need to pull out your hair just yet or try to build from source, which is it's own piece of work thanks to cryptic documentation.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">To
avoid this from happening again, I'd suggest disabling the percona repo
when doing a yum update for the entire server, or manually patching the
version by calling <i>yum update percona-xtrabackup-20.</i></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Cheerio </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">-noveck </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i><br /> </i></span></span>noveckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06968233459903213738noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6616976093666287030.post-39171049937472001762014-03-06T15:41:00.000-04:002014-03-06T15:41:45.506-04:00SSL Secured Apache WebserverHere's a quick way to run an SSL Secured Webserver. Ideally, a trusted Certificate Authority should be used, but as a proof of concept, we'll be generating our own self-signed certificate.<br />
<br />
This assumes a fully functional Apache Webserver running on CentOS Linux. <br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>0. Login as root/sudo into the terminal</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>1. Install prerequisites</b><br />
<i>yum install mod_ssl openssl</i><br />
<br />
<b>2. Generate Certificate / Private Key</b><br />
(or use instructions from trusted CA with a purchased certificate)<b> </b><br />
<i>openssl genrsa -out ca.key 1024</i><b><i> </i></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>3. Generate Certificate Signing Request (CSR)</b><br />
<i>openssl req -new -key ca.key -out ca.csr</i><br />
<br />
<b>4. Generate Self Signed Key </b><br />
openssl -x509 -req -days 365 -in ca.csr -signkey ca.key -out ca.crt<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>5. Copy files to appropriate locations</b><br />
<i>cp ca.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs</i><br />
<i>cp ca.key /etc/pki/tls/private/ca.key</i><br />
<i>cp ca.csr /etc/pki/tls/private/ca.csr</i><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>6. For SELinux</b><br />
<i>restorecon -Rvf /etc/pki</i><br />
<br />
<b>7. Update the Apache SSL config file</b><br />
<i>vi +/SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf</i><br />
<br />
Edit the two entries in the file<br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-TT</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
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mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca.crt<br /> SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/ca.key</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"></span><b><span style="font-family: inherit;">8. Restart Apache</span></b><i><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />service httpd restart</span></i><b><br /></b><br />
<br />
<b>9. Configure the firewall to accept incoming SSL requests</b><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
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<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-TT</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
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<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
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<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
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mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT <br />
service iptables save<br />
iptables -L –v<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-TT; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<b>10. Test</b><br />
From a web browser hit https://servername.com and the page should be displayed.<br />
<br />
<br />
Finito!<br />
Now get some coffee.:)<br />
<br />
-noveck <br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-TT; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<br />noveckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06968233459903213738noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6616976093666287030.post-15203327069263832542014-01-02T10:00:00.000-04:002014-01-02T10:00:24.031-04:00Troubleshooting VNC Connection errorSo I'm back out to work after a nice vacation, so I should have seen this coming, right?<br /><br />When attempting to connect to my VNC Server from my client, a nice error message popped up.<br /><b>Unable to connect to server.</b><br />I managed to ssh into the server, but the VNC Server refused to restart:<br /><br />[myuser@xxxxxx tmp]# service vncserver restart<br />Shutting down VNC server: 3:myuser <span style="color: red;"> [FAILED]</span><br />Starting VNC server: 3:myuser<br />Warning: xxx.xxx.xxx:3 is taken because of /tmp/.X3-lock<br />Remove this file if there is no X server xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:3<br />A VNC server is already running as :3 <span style="color: red;">[FAILED]</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Long story short, I had to delete the lockfile and socket in order to be able restart the VNC Server.<br />
<br />
<b>0. Login as root/sudo</b><br />
<b>1. Remove lock file and socket</b><br />
<i>rm -rf /tmp/.X3-lock </i><br />
<i>rm -rf /tmp/.X11-unix/X3</i><br />
<br />
<b>2. Restart vnc service</b><br />
<i>service vncserver restart</i><br />
<br />
<br />noveckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06968233459903213738noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6616976093666287030.post-84230579518664751362013-10-29T15:48:00.000-04:002013-10-29T15:48:13.623-04:00Standalone server reporting with Sar and KSar<a href="http://www.zabbix.com/" target="_blank">Zabbix</a> is a great tool for monitoring and reporting for multiple servers and that installation is covered <a href="http://www.woblag.com/2010/03/in-pursuit-of-monitoring-solution-for_15.html" target="_blank">here</a>. In this instance, Sar and KSar will be used as a standalone data collection tool, as it falls outside the physical and networking reach of my Zabbix server.<br />
<br />
<br />
Sar is a neat little tool that is part of the sysstat package, more information can be found on the <a href="http://sebastien.godard.pagesperso-orange.fr/" target="_blank">author's website</a>. In my case, we will be using to collect data on CPU, Memory, Swap, Network and all the other metrics that can make or break a Linux based service.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/ksar/" target="_blank">kSar</a> is a separate java based tool that generates some lovely graphs using the collected sar data, because a picture paints a thousand words, or in this case, a graph summarizes a crapload of data.<br />
<br />
This tutorial covers the installation of both, as well as a practical usage scenario.<br />
<br />
<b>0. Got root/ sudo?</b><br />
<b></b><br />
<b></b><br />
<br />
<b>1. Install the packages</b><i>yum install sysstat java</i><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>2. Set the sysstat cron to run</b><br />
<i>nano /etc/cron.d/sysstat</i><br />
Ensure the following lines are active / <b>not</b> commented out. The first line specifies how often the tool should take a snapshot, the second is when the daily summary is processed.<br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-TT</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
*/10 * * * * root /usr/lib/sa/sa1 1 1<br />
53 23 * * * root /usr/lib/sa/sa2 –A<br />
<b><br />3. Configure sar to keep a month's worth of data</b><br />
By default, sar keeps 7 days worth of data. Since we need data monthly, the configuration needs updating.<br />
<br />
<i>nano /etc/sysconfig/sysstat</i><br />
<br />
Update line, HISTORY = 7 to now read:<br />
HISTORY = 31<br />
<b><br />4. Download kSar</b><br />
Located at<i> http://sourceforge.net/projects/ksar</i><br />
Create a folder to store kSar and Monthly text files<br />
<i>mkdir /mon</i><br />
Extract kSar into /mon<br />
Change permissions to make kSar executable<br />
chmod +x /mon/kSar<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>5. View Daily Server Data (default)</b><br />
Prep report:<br />
LC_ALL=C sar -A > /mon/sardata.txt<br />
<br />
See the graphs<br />
<i>cd /mon/kSarx.x.x/<br />./run.sh</i><br />
<br />
Click "Data" Menu option -> Load from text file<br />
Select /mon/sardata.txt<br />
<br />
<b>6. View Monthly Server Data (see below for actual script)</b><br />
<br />
Prep report:<br />
cd /mon/<br />
./sarprep_monthly.sh<br />
<span style="color: #660000;">(Ensure script is executable before running!)</span><br />
<br />
See the graphs<br />
<i>cd /mon/kSarx.x.x/<br />./run.sh</i><br />
<br />
Click "Data" Menu option -> Load from text file<br />
Select /mon/sarmonthly_July.txt (use appropriate month name)<br />
<br />
<b>7. All done!</b><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><b>sarprep_monthly.sh</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">#cleanup old monthly file<br />rm -rf /mon/sarmonthly_$(date +"%B").txt<br />#loop through 31 possible days, merge all files into one<br />for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31; do<br />LC_ALL=C sar -A -f /var/log/sa/sa$i >> /mon/sarmonthly_$(date + "%B").txt</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">done</span><br />
<br />
<br />
That's it! Til next time...<br />
-novecknoveckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06968233459903213738noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6616976093666287030.post-35312467060790454112013-09-26T15:14:00.001-04:002013-09-26T15:15:06.928-04:00Upgrading / Migrating a MySQL 5.0 Database to MySQL 5.5 [InnoDB]This post is an ultra, no, make that uber paranoid method of upgrading/migrating a relatively large (20+ GB on file) InnoDB database from MySQL version 5.0 to MySQL 5.5. Some might consider it overkill, but as it relates to a database of this size and maturity, I'd prefer not to take any unnecessary risks.<br />
<br />
This assumes that the old server is running mysql 5.0 on CentOS 5.x and that the MySQL 5.5 is installed on a new server running CentOS 6, using the remi repositories. This is covered <a href="http://www.woblag.com/2013/08/installing-mysql-55-on-centos-6x.html" target="_blank">here</a>.<br />
<br />
<u><b>Phase 1 - Prepare Data on the Old Server </b></u><br />
<br />
<b>1. Execute Database Check to ensure tables are clean</b><br />
From terminal: <br />
<i>mysqlcheck –c mydbname –u root –p</i><br />
<enter password when prompted><br />
<br />
<br />
<b>2. Re-index tables before the dump</b><br />
From mysql: (single line!)<br />
<i>select concat(‘ALTER TABLE`’, table_schema,’`.`’, table_name,’` Engine=InnoDB;’) from information_schema.tables where table_schema =‘mydbname’ into outfile ’/tmp/InnoBatch.sql’;</i><br />
<br />
From shell:<br />
<i>mysql -u root –p --verbose < /tmp/InnoBatch.sql</i><br />
<br />
<b>3. Export the database as a dump file</b><br />
<b> </b>From shell:<br />
<i>mysqldump -u root –p –e –c --verbose --default-character-set=utf8 --skip-set-charset --max-allowed-packet = 100M --single-transaction --databases mydbname –r /root/Desktop/mydbdump.sql</i><br />
<br />
<b>4. Copy to new DB server</b><br />
<i>scp –r /root/Desktop/mydbdump.sql root@new.db.srv.ip:/root/Desktop/</i><br />
<br />
<br />
<u><b>Phase 2 - Import to New Server</b></u><br />
<b><br />1. Create empty database shell for import</b><br />
From mysql:<br />
<i>create database mdbname character set utf8 collate utf8_unicode_ci\</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<b>2. </b><b>Issue Grant permissions to new DB </b>(I hope you have this documented, else you might need to dump/restore the mysql.user table to new DB)<br />
<br />
<b>3. Import SQL file.</b>(but first set a really high session value for max_allowed_packet to handle the large data import)<br />
<b> </b>set global max_allowed_packet = 1000000000;<br />
source /root/Desktop/my<span style="font-size: small;">db</span>dump.sql<br />
<br />
<b>4. Check mysql for transaction warnings</b><br />
from mysql:<br />
<i>show warnings\G</i><br />
<br />
<b>5. Run upgrade script</b><br />
From shell:<br />
<i>mysql_upgrade –u root –p --force</i><br />
<br />
<b>6. Rebuild InnoDB tables, which would force the InnoDB tables to upgrade</b><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">(source: <a href="http://www.mysqlperformanceblog.com/2010/05/14/mysql_upgrade-and-innodb-tables/" target="_blank">http://www.mysqlperformanceblog.com/2010/05/14/mysql_upgrade-and-innodb-tables/ </a>)</span><br />
<br />
From mysql: (single line!)<br />
<i>select concat(‘ALTER TABLE`’, table_schema,’`.`’, table_name,’` Engine=InnoDB;’) from information_schema.tables where table_schema =‘mydbname’ into outfile ’/tmp/InnoBatch.sql’;</i><br />
From shell:<br />
<i>mysql -u root –p --verbose < /tmp/InnoBatch.sql</i><br />
<br />
<b>7. Execute Database Check to ensure newly imported/upgraded tables are clean</b><br />
From shell: <br />
<i>mysqlcheck –c mydbname –u root –p</i><br />
<br />
<b><u>Phase 3 - Compare old and new database</u></b><br />
Checking data consistency to ensure all the data was transferred via an <b>accurate </b>record count.<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/innodb-restrictions.html" target="_blank">http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/innodb-restrictions.html</a></span><br />
<br />
<b>1. On Old db server, generate query to perform record count on each table</b><br />
from mysql: (single line!)<br />
<i>select concat(‘ SELECT “’,table_name, ‘” as table_name, count(*) as exact_row_count from ‘,table_schema, ‘.’ table_name, ‘ UNION’) from information_schema.tables where table_schema =‘mydbname’ into outfile ’/tmp/TableAnalysisQuery.sql’;</i><br />
<br />
From shell:<br />
<i>nano /tmp/TableAnalysisQuery.sql</i><br />
<b><span style="color: red;">remove the LAST Union from the end of last line in the file.</span></b><br />
<br />
<b>2. Run the query to get table row count for all tables</b><br />
From shell:<br />
<i>mysql –u root –p < /tmp/TableAnalysisQuery.sql > /root/Desktop/TableAnalysisResults-$(hostname).txt</i><br />
<br />
<br />
<b>3. On New db server, generate query to perform record count on each table</b><br />
from mysql: (single line!)<br />
<i>select
concat(‘ SELECT “’,table_name, ‘” as table_name, count(*) as
exact_row_count from ‘,table_schema, ‘.’ table_name, ‘ UNION’) from
information_schema.tables where table_schema =‘mydbname’ into outfile
’/tmp/TableAnalysisQuery.sql’;</i><br />
<br />
From shell:<br />
<i>nano /tmp/TableAnalysisQuery.sql</i><br />
<b><span style="color: red;">remove the LAST Union from the end of last line in the file.</span></b><br />
<br />
<b>4. Run the query to get table row count for all tables</b><br />
From shell:<br />
<i>mysql –u root –p < /tmp/TableAnalysisQuery.sql > /root/Desktop/TableAnalysisResults-$(hostname).txt</i><br />
<br />
<b>5. Copy both text files to a third machine for comparison</b><br />
<br />
On OLD db server, from shell:<br />
<i>scp –r /root/Desktop/TableAnalysisResults-myolddb.mydomain.com.txt root@third.machine.ip:/root/Desktop</i><br />
<br />
On NEW db server, from shell:<br />
<i>scp –r /root/Desktop/TableAnalysisResults-mynewdb.mydomain.com.txt root@third.machine.ip:/root/Desktop</i><br />
<br />
ON third server<br />
from shell:<br />
<i>diff –a /root/Desktop/TableAnalysisResults-myolddb.mydomain.com.txt /root/Desktop/TableAnalysisResults-mynewdb.mydomain.com.txt</i><br />
No output from the previous command means that the data is consistent (as it relates to number of rows on each table) on both servers and the new database can be made active/ brought in production<br />
<br />
<EOF><br />
<br />
That's it!<br />
-novecknoveckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06968233459903213738noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6616976093666287030.post-8274256007431751982013-08-19T10:29:00.001-04:002013-08-19T10:29:24.952-04:00Installing MySQL 5.5 on CentOS 6.xThis post covers the installation of MySQL 5.5 on CentOS 6 (64bit)<br />
<br />
By default, CentOS 6 ships with MySQL 5.1, but to take all the advantages of the more recent versions, it is generally recommended to try to use 5.5 or 5.6 if possible, especially on a new server.<br />
<br />
<b>0. Login as root/ su</b><br />
<br />
<b>1. Open Terminal Interface</b><br />
<b><br />2. Go to Temporary Folder</b><br />
<i>cd /tmp</i><br />
<br />
<b>3. Get and Install EPEL Repo</b><i> </i><span style="color: #990000;">(this example uses 64bit, get the 32bit rpm if needed! )</span><i><br /></i><br />
<i>wget http://fedora.mirror.nexicom.net/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm<br />rpm –Uvh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm</i><br />
<br />
<b>4. Get and Install REMI Repo</b><br />
<i>wget http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm</i><br />
<i>rpm –Uvh remi-release-6.rpm</i><br />
<br />
<b>5. Check MySQL version to be installed</b><br />
<i>yum --enablerepo=remi list mysql mysql-server</i><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #134f5c;">**If the following error is observed during this step, see below for resolution<br /><br />ERROR: Cannot retrieve metalink for repository: epel. Please verify its path and try again.<br /><br />FIX: Edit epel.repo and change all https references in “mirrorlist” sections to http<br />cd /etc/yum.repos.d/<br />nano epel.repo<br />Find: mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedorapro……<br />Change to: mirrorlist=http://mirrors.fedorapro…..</span></span><br />
<br />
<b>6. Install mysql 5.5</b><br />
<i>yum install --enablerepo=remi mysql mysql-server</i><br />
<br />
<b>7. Start MySQL and configure to start on boot</b><br />
<i>service mysqld start<br />chkconfig mysqld on</i><br />
<br />
<b>8. Run mysql upgrade script</b><br />
<i>mysql_upgrade -u root –p<br /> </i><br />
<b>9. Change Mysql default Password </b><br />
<i>/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'yourpasswordhere'</i><br />
<br />
<b>10. Check to ensure that the mysql is at the desired version</b><br />
<i>mysql –version</i><br />
<br />
<b>11. Set proper permissions on /tmp</b><i>chown –R root:root /tmp<br />chmod –R 1777 /tmp</i><br />
<br />
<b>12. Secure MySQL</b><br />
<u>Optional but recommended for production servers</u><br />
See link for details: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/mysql-secure-installation.html<br />
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<![endif]--><i>/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation</i><br />
<br />
<b>13. Restart mysql service</b><br />
<i>service mysqld restart</i><b><br /></b><br />
That's it!<br />
<br />
-noveck<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />noveckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06968233459903213738noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6616976093666287030.post-51574290924291338722013-07-17T15:46:00.002-04:002013-07-17T15:46:32.619-04:00CentOS 5 top menu vanished after updateWell this is a tickler. After I performed an update on a CentOS system, the top menu pulled a Houdini on me. The panel was totally empty and non-responsive, save for the time.<br />
<br />
This is a quick and easy fix, so don't panic. Just force the gnome panel to reload.<br />
<br />
<b>0. Login as root or sudo.</b> <br />
You should find the Terminal via right-click on the desktop. Thankfully.<br />
<br />
<b>1. Reload the gnome panel (forcefully)</b><br />
<i>killall gnome-panel</i><b><br /></b><br />
<br />
2. That's it!<br />
The menu items should be return. If that didn't work, you might need further help. <br />
<br />
-novecknoveckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06968233459903213738noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6616976093666287030.post-13894817644687827782013-06-11T16:02:00.001-04:002013-06-11T16:02:24.512-04:00Reset MySQL root password on CentOS 5.x I had one of those oh-crap moments and forgot the mysql root password in one of my development/test machines.<br />
This is a reblog of someone else's post in case it ever gets deleted, I must say it saved my bacon (or at the very lease a couple hours of hair pulling and reinstall)<br />
<br />
Credit to: <a href="http://gettechgo.wordpress.com/2012/05/10/how-to-reset-mysql-root-password-linux-o-s/">http://gettechgo.wordpress.com/2012/05/10/how-to-reset-mysql-root-password-linux-o-s/</a><br />
<br />
<b>0. Login as root/su<br /><br />1. Stop the MySQL service</b><i> </i><br />
<i>service mysqld stop</i><b><br /> </b><br />
<b>2. Start MySQL Safe mode with skip grant tables option</b><i> </i><br />
<i>mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables & </i><b><br /></b>(press ctrl+z to exit, if required)<br />
<b><br />3. Start the MySQL service</b><br />
<i>service mysqld start</i><b></b><br />
<b><br />4. Log into the MySQL server without any password</b><br />
<b> </b><i>mysql -u root -p mysql</i><b><br /> </b><br />
<b>5. Reset the password for ‘root’ user</b><br />
<i>UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD(‘new-password’) where user=’root’;</i><b></b><br />
<b><br />6. Flush privileges</b><i> </i><br />
<i>flush privileges;</i><b></b><br />
<b><br />7. Restart the MySQL service</b><br />
<i>service mysqld restart</i><b><br /> </b><br />
<b>8. Log-in with the new password</b><i> </i><br />
<i>mysql -u root -p <br /><enter new password when prompted></i><br />
<br />
Cheers,<br />
Novecknoveckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06968233459903213738noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6616976093666287030.post-77973082489041512742013-05-13T13:08:00.002-04:002013-05-13T13:08:55.368-04:00Removing a repository from CentOSLet's chalk this one up to the Monday Morning Blues.<br /><br />I'm running through a CentOS 6.x test server and needed to install the EPEL repos. For some reason I managed to install the RHEL5 rpm instead of the RHEL6. (<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ni5GqlbDA1Q/TcI3pkTbTMI/AAAAAAAACTU/R3Z-1z0uclM/s320/doh-homer-simpson.jpg" target="_blank">D'Oh!</a>)<br /><br />This is a quick fix on removing the repo completely to install the proper one.<br />
<br />
<b>0. Got root? (or sudo)</b><br />
<br />
<b>1. Remove Repo</b><br />
From terminal<br /><i><br />rpm -qa | grep epel</i><br />Expected output (in my case)<br />
<i>epel-release-5-4</i><br /><i><br />yum remove epel-release-5-4<br />yum clean all</i><br /><br />That's it!<br />
<br />
-novecknoveckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06968233459903213738noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6616976093666287030.post-1607202921284571182013-04-08T09:33:00.000-04:002013-04-08T09:33:23.843-04:00Issues with ip6tablesWhilst troubleshooting a VM hanging issue with a EXSi 5.0 guest running CentOS 5, i noticed a strange error after my last kernel update.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-c_7S0ugGoCU/UTYBO7K0sFI/AAAAAAAABrs/B6ue7gC6xVA/s1600/ip6tables_error.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="403" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-c_7S0ugGoCU/UTYBO7K0sFI/AAAAAAAABrs/B6ue7gC6xVA/s640/ip6tables_error.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
It had me a bit confused, as I distinctly recall disabling all IPv6 support while building the machine.<br />
<br />
Anyhow, since I don't need IPv6 support at the moment and to avoid any unnecessary <span style="color: red;">red flags</span> while booting, I'll just go ahead and disable it completely.<br />
<br />
<b>0. Login as root / su</b><br />
<br />
<b>1. Check to see if it loads on boot.</b><br />
<i>chkconfig --list | grep ip6tables</i><br />
<br />
//in my instance, it was enabled for levels 2,3,4 and 5;<br />
<br />
<b>2. Disable ip6tables</b><br />
<i>chkconfig ip6tables off</i><br />
<br />
<b>3. Stop ip6tables service (if running)</b><br />
<i>service ip6tables status (if process is runnig, stop; if not, ignore next line)</i><br />
<i>service ip6tables stop </i><br />
<i> </i><br />
That's it!<br />
<i></i><br />
<i><br /></i>
It may or may not help my VM hanging issue, but at least it'd clear that pesky red flag.<br />
<br />
Cheers,<br />
novecknoveckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06968233459903213738noreply@blogger.com